easy to make diffusers.
1) wax paper
2) greased paper
3) grease glass
4) sandpaper plastic
and for fun... cut a star pattern on the bottom of a cup and photo through that..
its a dream view with white blurry sides..
[you can use vaseline too, but you have to clean it too]
and when you dont have a tripod and are doing macro.
and a foam diffuser cup for flash
here is a bounce diffuser for flash
macro flash diffuser
i have used white trash bag put over a chair..
then use lots of lights on the outside and photograph underneath where the legs are
you can ALSO get a semi transparent white storage box..
you can make a wire frame and put the trashbag on that. you can even select semi clear, full white, and even other colors
use your imagination.. the image only cares about the light, and how you get that mechanically isnt recorded.
the white trashbag i use when i have to do this (in a pinch)
to do a shot like this, use the techiques above
but ALSO, have a tiny stick, and glue the ring to it, and put it through a tiny hole
then you can swivel the ring and make it float.