Consistent with the concept of the gut-brain phenomenon, observational studies suggest a relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders. However, their underlying mechanisms are unclear. A new analysis of genome-wide association studies demonstrates a positive significant genetic overlap and correlation between Alzheimer’s disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis-duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis, but not inflammatory bowel disease.
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“Our findings provide further evidence to support the concept of the ‘gut-brain’ axis, a two-way link between the brain’s cognitive and emotional centres, and the functioning of the intestines,” said Professor Simon Laws, a researcher in the Centre for Precision Health and the Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group at Edith Cowan University, and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute at Curtin University.
When the researchers conducted further analysis into the shared genetics, they found other important links between Alzheimer’s disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders — such as the role cholesterol may play.
“Abnormal levels of cholesterol were shown to be a risk for both Alzheimer’s disease and gut disorders,” Dr. Adewuyi said.
“Looking at the genetic and biological characteristics common to Alzheimer’s disease and these gut disorders suggests a strong role for lipids metabolism, the immune system, and cholesterol-lowering medications.”
“Whilst further study is needed into the shared mechanisms between the conditions, there is evidence high cholesterol can transfer into the central nervous system, resulting in abnormal cholesterol metabolism in the brain.”
“There is also evidence suggesting abnormal blood lipids may be caused or made worse by gut bacteria, all of which support the potential roles of abnormal lipids in Alzheimer’s disease and gut disorders.”
“For example, elevated cholesterol in the brain has been linked to brain degeneration and subsequent cognitive impairment.”
While there are currently no known curative treatments, the findings suggest cholesterol lowering medications (statins) could be therapeutically beneficial in treating both Alzheimer’s disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders.
“Evidence indicates statins have properties which help reduce inflammation, modulate immunity and protect the gut,” Dr. Adewuyi said.
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