From the ISG watch course, I hope you enjoy finding out about this bit of history.
29 February 2020
When Breitling Brought the Airmen Home
An excerpt from the ISG Introduction to Watches course to honor all US Veterans.
Before there were Global Positioning Satellites and computer-generated navigation, pilots relied on simple instruments to help them navigate from one point to the next. Critical to this navigation was the chronometer that told them not only how long they had been in the air, but also allowed them to check relative time against the sun time to establish their locations. The problem was that chronographs were large clocks that were burdensome on small aircraft of the early flying periods. This made for very difficult navigation since no quality timepiece was available that provided both the accuracy and the portability that pilots required.
This all changed in 1915, however, when Breitling introduced the first chronograph wristwatch and provided it to pilots. This would set the company on a path that would lead them into the history books, and allow many wayward pilots to find their way home.
In 1936 Breitling became the official watch supplier to the Royal Air Force. In 1942 Breitling expanded its military supplier role by becoming a supplier to the United States Armed Forces. That is where our story begins:
The Legacy of USAA
USAA is the fourth-largest insurance company in the United States. They insure only US military and Department of Defense service personnel. Until just the past few years the company only insured military officers, having been started in 1925 by a group of pilots stationed in San Antonio Texas. It seems that in 1925 the idea of flying machines was so new and considered so daring that only the foolhardy were thought to participate. That, of course, included military pilots of the day. The real problem the pilots had was that they could not get car insurance. Seems that the insurance companies of the day figured if someone was foolhardy enough to fly an airplane they would be foolhardy as drivers also. Anyone who would dare take a chance flying an airplane was much too big of a risk for car insurance.
The result was that these pilots stationed at San Antonio could not get car insurance, so they started the United Services Automobile Association and everyone put in a few dollars a month and they all insured each other. This grew into the modern-day USAA insurance which is the largest insurer of the US military.
During my five years at USAA, I had the honor of working with some of the retired military officers from World War II. These folks were without a doubt the finest group I have ever worked with. And tell stories, wow, could these guys tell some stories! At every opportunity, I would listen as long as I could as I knew that it would not be long until these guys were no longer with us, and all of these wonderful experiences and memories would be lost forever.
While dealing with one lost Breitling watch claim I got to speak to the retired "full bird" Colonel (as we called them) about why he had always worn a Breitling watch. He told me without hesitation that it was because a Breitling chronometer once saved his life. Here is his story:
Skies over Western Europe:..1944
In 1944 this gentleman was the pilot on a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress on a bombing mission over Germany. Navigating the bomb run was fairly easy (as he told it) because you would fly south at a certain airspeed for a certain amount of time, then make a turn to port (left turn) and fly at a certain speed for another period of time. After "X" amount of time had passed if you had kept your navigation records properly you would be near your target. On this B-17, the time was recorded using their Breitling chronometer that was mounted into the instrument panel of the plane, along with all the other dials, lights, and control switches.
The inbound flight was extremely difficult. The US aircrews took the daylight raids, which were considered the most dangerous because the German Luftwaffe could see them coming and fly up to meet them. The flak was heavy and the aircraft sustained major damage throughout.
Once the bombing run was complete the Colonel (who was a Captain at the time) banked the plane at the right time and headed for home. That's when things got really bad.
When they turned and headed west the weather closed in on them. Visibility went down to almost zero. What made matters worse was that that plane's instrument panel had been virtually blown away by the incoming flak from the German AA guns, leaving little more to fly with than one instrument that had survived all of the incoming shrapnel and violent shaking from explosions. That's right, the only instrument that had that survived was the Breitling chronometer that had been built strong enough to withstand all that the Luftwaffe could throw at them.
Most of the crew members were severely injured and needed help fast, the plane was shot to pieces, visibility was virtually zero, and the Colonel and his navigator had only one instrument working, the Breitling chronometer.
Flying on dead reckoning often results in defining itself. You simply fly the direction you THINK you should fly when all else fails. Herein was the problem: the Colonel had to fly back the same way he came in since he had no ability to navigate otherwise. To do that he had to fly west for a certain amount of time and at a certain speed, then turn north and fly until he found the English coastline. The obvious problem was that he had to make the turn to starboard (right turn) at just the right time or he would miss the English coastline and fly into the North Atlantic Ocean until he ran out of fuel. His life, and the life of his crew, depended on him making that turn to starboard at exactly the right time. Otherwise, he would miss England and fly into oblivion.
The only instrument he had working was the one instrument he needed: the Breitling chronometer.
After a horrendous bombing run that injured many of his crew and all but one of his instruments, the housing for his Breitling chronometer was bent up and scored from heat, but the Breitling continued to click away the very accurate seconds and minutes in spite of it all.
The Colonel flew west based on dead reckoning of the brightest light he had in the sky to follow, which fortunately happened to be the sun in the heavily overcast afternoon sky.
He flew for the time that his Breitling chronometer told him to fly until it was time to turn north. This was a one-shot turn. One turn, at exactly the right time, was the difference between life or death for him and his crew. Do it at the right time and you find England. Too soon or too late and you are listed as MIA until the end of the war when you are finally ruled KIA.
In spite of all it had been through on this bombing run, the Breitling chronometer was accurate to the second. Right on time the Colonel saw the white cliffs of Dover and knew that he and his crew had made it home.
The Colonel had a tear in his eye when he told the end of the story. No way I can tell it with the intensity that he told it that day. The reality of just how bad that B-17 was shot up, the instrument panel being virtually blown away, the crew injured to a man, the only thing that survived intact on the whole plane was the battered up Breitling chronometer that was what they needed to get back home.
The Colonel told me that someone took that chronometer out of the plane and took it home with them. He wished it could have been him. Ever since that day, the Colonel has worn a Breitling watch. We in the claims replacement division of USAA made sure that he got his lost Breitling watch replaced.
Ever since that conversation I have never seen the Breitling name or logo without thinking of the Colonel and his flight home.
Over the five year period I was with USAA I got to speak with several retired WWII bomber pilots and crew members. To a man, they talked about how the one instrument that always left with them, and always came home with them, was the Breitling chronometer in the instrument panel.
That is the legacy that Leon Breitling started in 1884, and why we study watches as part of the ISG Registered Gemologist Appraiser program.
...from the ISG Introduction to Watches course.
With our deepest appreciation and respect for all US Military Personnel. Thank you for your sacrifice to keep us all safe from tyranny.
Robert James FGA, GG
President, International School of Gemology
Property and Casualty Adjuster, Texas Department of Insurance License #1300433
If you would like to study gemology and jewelry appraisal with an organization dedicated to your success, please click the link below to learn more about the International School of Gemology.
https://schoolofgemology.com/
©2020 International School of Gemology. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. We encourage sharing and caring throughout the industry as long as all copyrights are left intact. Images above were gleaned from Google as open source use and do not represent the actual plane or Breitling chronometer presented in the article.
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